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Source files: 19 | Classes: 75 | Methods: 39 | Enums: 0

GTOS.Chemistry.Chemical ​

ChemicalCalculations ​

static class

Chemical Field Calculations - Concentration, diffusion, reactions.
APPLICATIONS:
- Diffusion (ink in water, gas mixing, osmosis)
- Reaction fronts (combustion, fire spread, explosions)
- Concentration gradients (concentration cells, batteries)
- Phase separation (oil/water, crystallization, precipitation)
- Catalysis (enzyme kinetics, surface reactions)
- Environmental (pollution spread, CO2 diffusion, radioactive decay chains)
EQUATIONS:
- Fick's law: J = -D·∇C
- Reaction-diffusion: ∂C/∂t = D·∇²C + R(C)
- Arrhenius: k = A·exp(-E_a/(RT))
- Michaelis-Menten: v = V_max·[S]/(K_m + [S])
MIL-SPEC:
- Zero allocation (stack-based structs)
- Deterministic (IEEE 754 float arithmetic)
- Thread-safe (pure functions, no shared state)
- Performance: ~20-40 ns per query
INTEGRATION:
Works with Chemistry.Quantum for molecular reactions
Works with Chemistry.Reaction for reaction networks
Works with Physics.Thermal for temperature-dependent kinetics
Author: Randy Blain, GTOS Development Team
Date: January 2026

Source: ChemicalCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AVOGADRO ​

const float

BOLTZMANN ​

const float

DIFF_CO2_WATER ​

const float

DIFF_H2O_AIR ​

const float

DIFF_H2O_WATER ​

const float

DIFF_O2_AIR ​

const float

DIFF_O2_WATER ​

const float

GTOS.Chemistry.Core ​

ChemistryCoreAtomics ​

static class

Chemistry Core Atomic Operations - Foundational chemistry calculations
MIL SPEC compliant: static, pure, zero-allocation, deterministic, thread-safe.
All chemistry calculations use double precision and validate inputs.
AGENTIC SYSTEM RULE: Methods that normally return positive values (> 0) return -1.0
on invalid inputs. This provides clear failure detection for agentic intelligence
systems to trigger interventions and maintain system resilience.
PROFESSIONAL GRADE: All algorithms implement IUPAC standard chemistry formulas
and use SI units throughout. Atomic data sourced from NIST and IUPAC databases.

Source: ChemistryCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AMU_TO_KG ​

const double

Atomic mass unit to kg conversion

AMU_TO_MEV ​

const double

Atomic mass unit to MeV/c² conversion

AVOGADRO_NUMBER ​

const double

Avogadro's number (particles/mol) - CODATA 2018

BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT ​

const double

Boltzmann constant (J/K) - CODATA 2018

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

Calculation failure indicator

GAS_CONSTANT ​

const double

Universal gas constant (J/(mol·K)) - CODATA 2018

STANDARD_PRESSURE ​

const double

Standard pressure (Pa)

STANDARD_TEMPERATURE ​

const double

Standard temperature (K)

Methods ​

GetAtomicMass ​

double GetAtomicMass ( Element element )

Get atomic mass for element (amu)
Formula: Direct lookup from NIST atomic weight database
Units: amu (atomic mass units)
Reference: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions
Returns -1.0 if element invalid
Example: GetAtomicMass(Element.Carbon) = 12.011 amu

ElementComposite ​

struct

Element composite with stoichiometric counts (integer atom counts).
Used for: minerals, compounds, molecular formulas, crystal structures.
Example: H₂O = ElementComposite with 2×H + 1×O
CaCO₃ = ElementComposite with 1×Ca + 1×C + 3×O
MIL-SPEC: Fixed-size parallel arrays, deterministic, zero-allocation lookups.
Thread-safe for read operations after initialization.
USAGE PATTERN:
- Stoichiometric formulas (H2O, CaCO3, Fe2O3)
- Mineral compositions (Quartz = SiO2, Calcite = CaCO3)
- Crystal structures (exact integer ratios)
- Molecular compounds (discrete molecules)
For weight-based mixtures (alloys, solutions), use ElementComposition instead.

Source: ChemistryCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Counts ​

byte[]

ElementCount ​

byte

Elements ​

Element[]

GTOS.Chemistry.Execution ​

CalculationTypeInfo ​

struct

Calculation type information - replaces enum with struct

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Id ​

short

Name ​

string

ChemistryCoreInputs ​

struct

Core chemistry inputs - fundamental chemistry calculations

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AtomicMass ​

float

AtomicNumber ​

int

Concentration ​

float

ElementalMasses ​

float[]

ElementCounts ​

int[]

Moles ​

float

Pressure ​

float

Temperature ​

float

Volume ​

float

ChemistryExecutionEngine ​

static class

The execution engine that brings network patterns to life
Static class implementation for MIL SPEC compliance

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

ExecutionResult ​

struct

Execution result using ParameterSet

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CalculationType ​

short

Domain ​

DomainType

ErrorMessage ​

string

ExecutionDurationMs ​

long

ExecutionTime ​

DateTime

IsSuccess ​

bool

NodeId ​

int

ResultData ​

ParameterSet

FRCReactorInputs ​

struct

FRC reactor inputs - Field-Reversed Configuration

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CompressionTime ​

float

ExternalField ​

float

FinalVolume ​

float

FRCLength ​

float

FuelDensity ​

float

InitialDensity ​

float

InitialIonTemperature ​

float

InitialVolume ​

float

SeparatrixRadius ​

float

WallRadius ​

float

NetworkPatternInfo ​

struct

Network pattern information - replaces enum with struct

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Id ​

int

Name ​

string

NetworkResult ​

struct

Network result container - replaces dictionary results

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Count ​

int

ParameterIds ​

int[]

ParameterValues ​

object[]

NuclearChemistryInputs ​

struct

Nuclear chemistry inputs - decay, dating, reactions

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CurrentActivity ​

float

HalfLife ​

float

InitialActivity ​

float

NeutronCount ​

int

NuclearMass ​

float

Pb206_U238_Ratio ​

float

Pb207_U235_Ratio ​

float

ProjectileMass ​

float

ProtonCount ​

int

TargetMass ​

float

ParameterSet ​

struct

Parameter set - replaces Dictionary<string, object> with struct-based storage
Uses parallel arrays for key-value pairs, MIL-SPEC compliant

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Count ​

int

DomainId ​

int

ParameterIds ​

int[]

Values ​

object[]

PlasmaPhysicsInputs ​

struct

Plasma physics inputs - fusion, confinement, tokamaks

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ElectronDensity ​

float

ElectronTemperature ​

float

Elongation ​

float

HeatingPower ​

float

IonCharge ​

float

IonDensity ​

float

IonMassAMU ​

float

IonTemperature ​

float

MagneticField ​

float

MajorRadius ​

float

MinorRadius ​

float

PlasmaCurrent ​

float

ToroidalField ​

float

Triangularity ​

float

StellaratorInputs ​

struct

Stellarator inputs - alternative to tokamaks

Source: ChemistryExecutionEngine.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AspectRatio ​

float

EffectiveRipple ​

float

ElectronDensity ​

float

ElectronTemperature ​

float

FieldPeriods ​

int

HeatingPower ​

float

IonTemperature ​

float

MagneticShear ​

float

MajorRadius ​

float

MinorRadius ​

float

RotationalTransform ​

float

GTOS.Chemistry.FRCGeometry ​

BezierCurve ​

struct

Bezier curve segment for geometry definition
Cubic Bezier: P(t) = (1-t)³P₀ + 3(1-t)²tP₁ + 3(1-t)t²P₂ + t³P₃

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

P0 ​

Point3D

P1 ​

Point3D

P2 ​

Point3D

P3 ​

Point3D

FRCGeometry ​

struct

FRC chamber geometry
Consists of multiple Bezier segments defining the wall profile
Applicable to all FRC reactor types (Helion, TAE Technologies, etc.)

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

DiscretizationPoints ​

int

WallProfile ​

BezierCurve[]

Methods ​

GetDiscretizedProfile ​

Point3D[] GetDiscretizedProfile ( )

Get complete discretized wall profile

FRCGeometryWorkflow ​

static class

Complete geometry-to-physics workflow
Example usage for FRC chamber geometry

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Methods ​

CreateExampleFRCGeometry ​

FRCGeometry CreateExampleFRCGeometry ( )

Create example FRC chamber geometry using Bezier curves
This models the compression chamber with varying radius

FRCMagneticField ​

static class

Magnetic field configuration for FRC geometry
MIL-SPEC: Static methods, zero allocation where possible

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

ELEMENTARY_CHARGE ​

const double

MU_0 ​

const double

PROTON_MASS ​

const double

MagneticFieldVector ​

struct

Magnetic field vector at a point

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Bx ​

double

By ​

double

Methods ​

Magnitude ​

double Magnitude ( )

Point3D ​

struct

3D Point structure for geometry

Source: ChemistryFRCGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

X ​

double

Y ​

double

Z ​

double

GTOS.Chemistry.FRCParametric ​

ControlPoint ​

struct

Critical control point defining plasma chamber geometry
Each point represents a physics zone (entrance, throat, exit, etc.)

Source: ChemistryFRCParametricDesign.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ZoneName ​

string

ParametricChamberDesign ​

struct

Parametric chamber design - defines geometry from critical points

Source: ChemistryFRCParametricDesign.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ControlPoints ​

ControlPoint[]

InterpPointsPerSegment ​

int

Methods ​

IsValid ​

bool IsValid ( )

Validate that control points are in ascending Z order

ParametricChamberGenerator ​

static class

Parametric chamber geometry generator
Converts control points → Bezier curves → Full geometry

Source: ChemistryFRCParametricDesign.cs

ParametricDesignWorkflow ​

static class

Complete parametric design workflow
Control Points → Geometry → Coils → Optimization → Results

Source: ChemistryFRCParametricDesign.cs

GTOS.Chemistry.HelionFusion ​

CompleteHelionReactorPattern ​

static class

Complete Helion Reactor Simulation Pattern
END-TO-END HELION CYCLE: FRC → Compress → Fuse → Expand → Recover → Next Shot
THE ULTIMATE TEST: Does net energy gain > 1.0?
This is the complete "secret sauce" - optimizing ALL parameters for >100% energy return

Source: ChemistryHelionFusionNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCompleteHelionReactorNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCompleteHelionReactorNetwork ( )

DirectEnergyConversionPattern ​

static class

Direct Energy Conversion Pattern
Models Faraday induction energy recovery from plasma expansion
THIS IS THE MAGIC: Expanding plasma pushes back on magnetic field,
inducing current in coils that charges capacitors for next shot.
MUST recover >100% of compression energy for net gain!

Source: ChemistryHelionFusionNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateDirectEnergyConversionNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateDirectEnergyConversionNetwork ( )

FRCConfigurationPattern ​

static class

Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC) Analysis Pattern
Models FRC magnetic topology, stability, and confinement
FRC is a compact toroid with NO external toroidal field (unlike tokamaks)
Plasma current creates ALL the magnetic field (self-organized!)
Critical for Helion's pulsed compression approach

Source: ChemistryHelionFusionNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateFRCConfigurationNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateFRCConfigurationNetwork ( )

HelionFusionFormatting ​

static class

Formatting helpers for Helion Fusion calculations
Provides human-readable descriptions, parameter names, and formatted values with units
MIL-SPEC compliant - explicit if/else, no reflection, no null-coalescing

Source: ChemistryHelionFusionNetworks.cs

Methods ​

GetCalculationDescription ​

string GetCalculationDescription ( HelionCalculationType calcType )

PulsedCompressionPattern ​

static class

Pulsed Plasma Compression Pattern
Models the compression/expansion cycle that drives Helion's approach
Workflow: Initial state → Compress → Heat → Fuse → Expand → Recover energy
CRITICAL: Expansion must recover >100% of compression energy for net gain!

Source: ChemistryHelionFusionNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreatePulsedCompressionNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreatePulsedCompressionNetwork ( )

GTOS.Chemistry.Metallurgy ​

Alloy ​

readonly struct

Alloy definition with properties.

Source: ChemistryMetallurgy.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Composition ​

readonly ElementComposition[]

Finish ​

readonly SurfaceFinish

GrainSize_microns ​

readonly float

Name ​

readonly string

PrimaryLatticeType ​

readonly int

Treatment ​

readonly HeatTreatment

Working ​

readonly MechanicalWorking

AlloyFactory ​

static class

Source: ChemistryMetallurgy.cs

Methods ​

CreateNavalBronze ​

Alloy CreateNavalBronze ( HeatTreatment treatment = HeatTreatment.AsRolled )

Naval Bronze (Cu 88%, Sn 10%, Zn 2%) - Historic cannon alloy.
Excellent corrosion resistance, used for ship fittings, cannons, propellers.

ElementComposition ​

readonly struct

Element composition in alloy.

Source: ChemistryMetallurgy.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AtomicNumber ​

readonly int

WeightPercent ​

readonly float

MetallurgyAtomics ​

static class

Source: ChemistryMetallurgy.cs

GTOS.Chemistry.Nuclear ​

Carbon14DatingPattern ​

static class

Carbon-14 Dating Analysis Pattern
Complete radiocarbon dating workflow for organic materials
Workflow: C-14 properties → Current activity → Age calculation → Uncertainty
Standard archaeological/geological dating method (up to ~50,000 years)

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCarbon14DatingNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCarbon14DatingNetwork ( )

CompleteDecayAnalysisPattern ​

static class

Complete Radioactive Decay Analysis Pattern
Calculates decay kinetics, remaining activity, and time-dependent behavior
Workflow: HalfLife → DecayConstant → Activity(t) → Remaining nuclei → Specific activity

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCompleteDecayAnalysisNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCompleteDecayAnalysisNetwork ( )

NuclearChemistryFormatting ​

static class

Formatting helpers for Nuclear Chemistry calculations
Provides human-readable descriptions, parameter names, and formatted values with units
MIL-SPEC compliant - explicit if/else, no reflection, no null-coalescing

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

GetCalculationDescription ​

string GetCalculationDescription ( NuclearChemistryCalculationType calcType )

NuclearReactionFeasibilityPattern ​

static class

Nuclear Reaction Feasibility Pattern
Complete analysis of nuclear reaction energetics and barriers
Workflow: Q-value → Threshold → Coulomb barrier → CM energy → Reaction allowed?
Critical for accelerator experiments and fusion reactor design

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateNuclearReactionFeasibilityNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateNuclearReactionFeasibilityNetwork ( )

NuclearStabilityEvaluationPattern ​

static class

Nuclear Stability Evaluation Pattern
Complete nuclear stability analysis using multiple criteria
Workflow: N/Z ratio → Binding energy → Magic numbers → Stability score → Decay mode
Used for nuclear chart construction and isotope discovery

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateNuclearStabilityEvaluationNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateNuclearStabilityEvaluationNetwork ( )

Operations ​

static class

Nuclear Chemistry Operations - PROFESSIONAL GRADE
Covers radioactive decay kinetics, decay chain analysis, binding energy,
nuclear reactions, stability predictions, and isotope properties.
MIL SPEC compliant: static, pure, zero-allocation, deterministic, thread-safe.
All nuclear calculations use double precision and validate inputs.
AGENTIC SYSTEM RULE: Methods that normally return positive values (> 0) return -1.0
on invalid inputs. This provides clear failure detection for agentic intelligence
systems to trigger interventions and maintain system resilience.
INTEGRATION: This subdomain bridges SILVIA.Chemistry.Core (element properties)
and SILVIA.NuclearParticlePhysics (nuclear structure, QED, QCD) domains.
Uses AtomicCompositeDataset for comprehensive isotope information.

Source: ChemistryNuclear.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AMU_TO_KG ​

const double

Atomic mass unit to kg conversion (CODATA 2018)

AMU_TO_MEV ​

const double

Atomic mass unit to MeV/c² conversion

AVOGADRO_NUMBER ​

const double

Avogadro's number (particles/mol)

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

Calculation failure indicator

ELECTRON_MASS ​

const double

Electron mass (amu)

LN_2 ​

const double

Natural logarithm of 2 (for half-life calculations)

NEUTRON_MASS ​

const double

Neutron mass (amu)

PROTON_MASS ​

const double

Proton mass (amu)

SPEED_OF_LIGHT ​

const double

Speed of light (m/s)

Methods ​

CalculateDecayConstant ​

double CalculateDecayConstant ( double halfLifeSeconds )

Calculate decay constant from half-life
Formula: λ = ln(2) / t½
Units: Input (seconds) → Output (s⁻¹)
Reference: Rutherford-Soddy Law of Radioactive Decay
Returns -1.0 if half-life ≤ 0
Example: C-14 (t½ = 5730 years) → λ = 3.84×10⁻¹² s⁻¹

TechnetiumGeneratorPattern ​

static class

Technetium Generator Analysis Pattern
Models Mo-99 → Tc-99m transient equilibrium for medical isotope production
Workflow: Parent/Daughter λ → Transient equilibrium → Peak activity time → Tc-99m extraction
Critical for nuclear medicine (99% of diagnostic imaging)

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateTechnetiumGeneratorNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateTechnetiumGeneratorNetwork ( )

UraniumLeadConcordiaDatingPattern ​

static class

U-Pb Concordia Dating Pattern
High-precision geological dating using dual U decay chains
Workflow: U-238 → Pb-206 age + U-235 → Pb-207 age → Concordia check → Combined age
Most precise dating method for ancient rocks (±0.1% accuracy)

Source: ChemistryNuclearNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateUraniumLeadConcordiaDatingNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateUraniumLeadConcordiaDatingNetwork ( )

GTOS.Chemistry.Plasma ​

CompleteITERSimulationPattern ​

static class

Complete ITER Simulation Pattern
Full ITER tokamak performance prediction
Workflow: ITER parameters → All subsystems → Q=10 verification
Reproduces official ITER design point calculations

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCompleteITERSimulationNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCompleteITERSimulationNetwork ( )

CompletePlasmaCharacterizationPattern ​

static class

Complete Plasma Diagnostic Pattern
Calculates fundamental plasma parameters from basic measurements
Workflow: T_e, n_e → Debye length → Plasma frequency → Collisionality → Plasma regime
Critical for understanding plasma state and behavior

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCompletePlasmaCharacterizationNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCompletePlasmaCharacterizationNetwork ( )

CompleteTokamakConfinementPattern ​

static class

Complete Tokamak Confinement Analysis Pattern
Analyzes magnetic confinement, energy confinement, and fusion gain
Workflow: Geometry + B + I → Confinement time → Triple product → Q-factor → Ignition
Complete tokamak performance evaluation (ITER-like analysis)

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateCompleteTokamakConfinementNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateCompleteTokamakConfinementNetwork ( )

DTFusionPowerAnalysisPattern ​

static class

D-T Fusion Reactor Analysis Pattern
Complete fusion power calculation including reaction rates and power balance
Workflow: T_i, n_D, n_T → <σv> → Fusion rate → Neutron/Alpha power → Total power
Critical for tokamak power plant design

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateDTFusionPowerAnalysisNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateDTFusionPowerAnalysisNetwork ( )

Operations ​

static class

Plasma Chemistry Operations - PROFESSIONAL GRADE
Covers ionization equilibrium (Saha), plasma parameters (Debye, frequency),
fusion reaction rates, collision physics, MHD confinement, and tokamak design.
MIL SPEC compliant: static, pure, zero-allocation, deterministic, thread-safe.
All plasma calculations use double precision and validate inputs.
AGENTIC SYSTEM RULE: Methods that normally return positive values return -1.0
on invalid inputs. This provides clear failure detection for agentic systems.
DOMAIN UNIFIER: This subdomain bridges SILVIA.Chemistry.Core (ionization energies),
SILVIA.NuclearStructure (fusion cross-sections), and reactor physics.
Essential for tokamak/stellarator simulation and fusion energy applications.

Source: ChemistryPlasma.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AMU_TO_KG ​

const double

Atomic mass unit to kg

BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT ​

const double

Boltzmann constant (J/K)

BOLTZMANN_EV ​

const double

Boltzmann constant (eV/K)

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

Calculation failure indicator

ELECTRON_MASS_KG ​

const double

Electron mass (kg)

ELEMENTARY_CHARGE ​

const double

Elementary charge (C)

EPSILON_0 ​

const double

Permittivity of free space (F/m)

EV_TO_JOULES ​

const double

Electron volt to Joules

FINE_STRUCTURE ​

const double

Fine structure constant (dimensionless)

MU_0 ​

const double

Permeability of free space (H/m)

PI ​

const double

Pi (high precision)

PLANCK_CONSTANT ​

const double

Planck constant (J·s)

PROTON_MASS_KG ​

const double

Proton mass (kg)

SPEED_OF_LIGHT ​

const double

Speed of light (m/s)

PlasmaFormatting ​

static class

Formatting helpers for Plasma Chemistry calculations
Provides human-readable descriptions, parameter names, and formatted values with units
MIL-SPEC compliant - explicit if/else, no reflection, no null-coalescing

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

GetCalculationDescription ​

string GetCalculationDescription ( PlasmaCalculationType calcType )

PlasmaIonizationEquilibriumPattern ​

static class

Plasma Ionization Equilibrium Pattern
Calculates ionization states and charge distributions
Workflow: Element + T_e + n_e → Ionization energies → Saha → Charge distribution → Z_eff
Critical for radiation modeling and spectroscopic diagnostics

Source: ChemistryPlasmaNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreatePlasmaIonizationEquilibriumNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreatePlasmaIonizationEquilibriumNetwork ( )

GTOS.Chemistry.Quantum ​

QuantumCalculations ​

static class

Quantum Wave Function Calculations - Electron orbitals, bonding, molecular orbitals.
APPLICATIONS:
- Electron probability clouds (s, p, d, f orbitals)
- Molecular orbital visualization (bonding/antibonding)
- Chemical bond formation (H₂, O₂, covalent/ionic bonds)
- Quantum chemistry education (visualizing the invisible)
- Material science (band structure, semiconductors)
EQUATIONS:
- Hydrogen 1s orbital: ψ(r) = (1/√πa₀³) · exp(-r/a₀)
- Probability density: ρ(r) = |ψ(r)|²
- Molecular orbital: ψ_MO = c₁·ψ₁ ± c₂·ψ₂ (LCAO)
ORBITAL TYPES:
- s (l=0): Spherical (1 orbital)
- p (l=1): Dumbbell (3 orbitals: px, py, pz)
- d (l=2): Complex lobes (5 orbitals)
- f (l=3): More complex (7 orbitals)
MIL-SPEC:
- Zero allocation (stack-based structs)
- Deterministic (IEEE 754 float arithmetic)
- Thread-safe (pure functions, no shared state)
- Performance: ~25-40 ns per query
INTEGRATION:
Works with Chemistry.Reaction for bond formation visualization
Author: Randy Blain, GTOS Development Team
Date: January 2026

Source: QuantumCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ELECTRON_CHARGE ​

const float

ELECTRON_MASS ​

const float

GTOS.Chemistry.Spectroscopy ​

ChemistrySpectroscopy ​

static class

Source: ChemistrySpectroscopy.cs

Methods ​

CalculateElementSpectralColor ​

GTVector3 CalculateElementSpectralColor ( int atomicNumber )

Calculate RGB color from element's spectral emission.
Uses d-band transition energies for transition metals.
Formula: E (eV) = hc/λ, then CIE XYZ → sRGB conversion.
Returns: GTVector3 with RGB values (0-1 range)

FluorescenceResult ​

readonly struct

Fluorescence emission result.

Source: ChemistrySpectroscopy.cs

Constants and Fields ​

EmissionB ​

readonly float

EmissionG ​

readonly float

EmissionR ​

readonly float

EmissionWavelength_nm ​

readonly float

OccursWhenExcited ​

readonly bool

QuantumEfficiency ​

readonly float

QuantumYield ​

readonly float

GTOS.Chemistry.Stellarator ​

StellaratorFormatting ​

static class

Formatting helpers for Stellarator calculations
Provides human-readable descriptions, parameter names, and formatted values with units
MIL-SPEC compliant - explicit if/else, no reflection, no null-coalescing

Source: ChemistryStellaratorNetworks.cs

Methods ​

GetCalculationDescription ​

string GetCalculationDescription ( StellaratorCalculationType calcType )

StellaratorMagneticGeometryPattern ​

static class

Stellarator Magnetic Geometry Analysis Pattern
Calculates fundamental magnetic configuration parameters
Workflow: Coil geometry → Rotational transform → Magnetic well → Shear → Stability
Critical for stellarator design and optimization

Source: ChemistryStellaratorNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateStellaratorMagneticGeometryNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateStellaratorMagneticGeometryNetwork ( )

StellaratorReactorOptimizationPattern ​

static class

Stellarator Reactor Optimization Pattern
Multi-objective optimization for reactor design
Workflow: Parameter sweep → Evaluate all metrics → Find Pareto optimal designs
Balances: confinement, stability, engineering complexity, cost

Source: ChemistryStellaratorNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateStellaratorReactorOptimizationNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateStellaratorReactorOptimizationNetwork ( )

StellaratorTokamakComparisonPattern ​

static class

Stellarator vs Tokamak Comparison Pattern
Direct comparison of performance, advantages, and trade-offs
Workflow: Same plasma parameters → Stellarator network + Tokamak network → Compare
Quantifies the stellarator advantage for reactor applications

Source: ChemistryStellaratorNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateStellaratorTokamakComparisonNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateStellaratorTokamakComparisonNetwork ( )

Wendelstein7XPerformancePattern ​

static class

Wendelstein 7-X Performance Analysis Pattern
Models the world's most advanced stellarator (Greifswald, Germany)
Workflow: W7-X geometry → Optimization metrics → Fusion performance → Steady-state capability
World record: 28 minutes continuous plasma (vs tokamak's ~seconds!)

Source: ChemistryStellaratorNetworks.cs

Methods ​

CreateWendelstein7XPerformanceNetwork ​

ExecutionNetwork CreateWendelstein7XPerformanceNetwork ( )

GTOS.Chemistry.StellaratorGeometry ​

ModularCoilParameters ​

struct

Modular coil winding law parameters
Defines how coils twist around torus to create rotational transform

Source: ChemistryStellaratorGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

HelicalAmplitude ​

double

HelicalPhase ​

double

NumCoils ​

int

StellaratorConfig ​

struct

Stellarator configuration parameters

Source: ChemistryStellaratorGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

HelicalWinding ​

double

MagneticWellDepth ​

double

RotationalTransform ​

double

Methods ​

AspectRatio ​

double AspectRatio ( )

Aspect ratio A = R₀/a

StellaratorDesignWorkflow ​

static class

Stellarator design workflow

Source: ChemistryStellaratorGeometry.cs

Methods ​

CreateW7XGeometry ​

StellaratorGeometry CreateW7XGeometry ( )

Create Wendelstein 7-X geometry

StellaratorFieldCalcs ​

static class

Stellarator magnetic field calculations

Source: ChemistryStellaratorGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

MU_0 ​

const double

PI ​

const double

StellaratorGeometry ​

struct

Complete stellarator geometry

Source: ChemistryStellaratorGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Coils ​

ModularCoilParameters

Config ​

StellaratorConfig

PoloidalResolution ​

int

ToroidalResolution ​

int

Methods ​

IsValid ​

bool IsValid ( )

GTOS.Chemistry.TokamakGeometry ​

TokamakCrossSection ​

struct

Tokamak cross-section parameters
Defines plasma boundary shape in poloidal plane

Source: ChemistryTokamakGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ShafranovShift ​

double

Methods ​

AspectRatio ​

double AspectRatio ( )

Aspect ratio A = R₀/a
Large A (~3-5) = conventional tokamak (ITER)
Small A (~1.5-2) = spherical tokamak (NSTX, MAST)

TokamakDesignWorkflow ​

static class

Tokamak design workflow - from requirements to geometry

Source: ChemistryTokamakGeometry.cs

Methods ​

CreateITERGeometry ​

TokamakGeometry CreateITERGeometry ( )

Create ITER-like tokamak geometry

TokamakFieldConfig ​

struct

Tokamak magnetic field configuration

Source: ChemistryTokamakGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

BetaPoloidal ​

double

InternalInductance ​

double

SafetyFactor ​

double

Methods ​

PoloidalField ​

double PoloidalField ( double minorRadius )

Poloidal field at plasma edge
B_p ≈ μ₀ I_p / (2π a)

TokamakGeometry ​

struct

Complete tokamak geometry specification

Source: ChemistryTokamakGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CrossSection ​

TokamakCrossSection

FieldConfig ​

TokamakFieldConfig

NumTFCoils ​

int

PoloidalResolution ​

int

ToroidalResolution ​

int

Methods ​

IsValid ​

bool IsValid ( )

Validate geometry parameters

TokamakGeometryCalcs ​

static class

Tokamak geometry calculations - MIL-SPEC compliant

Source: ChemistryTokamakGeometry.cs

Constants and Fields ​

CALCULATION_FAILURE ​

const double

MU_0 ​

const double

PI ​

const double

GTOS.Chemistry.Visualization ​

AtomicElectron ​

struct

Electron in atomic orbital (quantum state + visualization properties)
Position is probabilistic (described by wave function), not fixed!

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

ChemicalBond ​

struct

Chemical bond between two atoms (covalent, ionic, metallic)
Represented by orbital overlap and electron density

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Atom1Index ​

int

Atom2Index ​

int

BondType ​

int

ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics ​

static class

Chemistry Visualization Core Atomics - Static helper functions
SDF calculations, animation, rendering, and helper utilities

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Methods ​

SDFNucleon ​

float SDFNucleon ( GTVector3 samplePoint, GTVector3 nucleonPosition )

SDF for single nucleon (proton or neutron).
Nucleons are spheres with radius ~0.8 fm.
Returns distance in femtometers (fm).

Color32 ​

struct

RGBA color (byte-packed for texture output).

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Nucleon ​

struct

Nucleon (proton or neutron) in atomic nucleus
Position at femtometer scale (1 fm = 1e-15 m)

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

IsProton ​

bool

RenderCamera ​

struct

Camera for rendering (position, orientation, FOV).

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

RenderTarget ​

struct

Render target (RGBA texture buffer).

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

Height ​

int

Width ​

int

SDFAtom ​

struct

Complete atom with nucleus + electron cloud (SDF-based visualization)
Integrates with Chemistry Elements API for accurate atomic data

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

ElectronCount ​

int

Electrons ​

AtomicElectron[]

ElementId ​

int

IsExcited ​

bool

NucleonCount ​

int

SDFMolecule ​

struct

Molecule (collection of bonded atoms with orbital hybridization)
Can represent simple molecules (H2O) or complex proteins

Source: ChemistryVisualizationCoreAtomics.cs

Constants and Fields ​

AtomCount ​

int

Atoms ​

SDFAtom[]

BondCount ​

int

Bonds ​

ChemicalBond[]

MoleculeId ​

int

Orientation ​

GTQuaternion

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